Since the second half of the 19th century, science and technology have entered a new era of comprehensive development.Under this context, classical scientific paradigms have become fragmented along the fundamental dimension of 'time.' The core of this crisis lies in: Why do all things simultaneously 'deteriorate' and 'evolve' in a world governed by physical laws?

Cognitive Conflict Between Two Temporal Frameworks

• Limitations of Mechanistic Determinism: The laws of motion in classical mechanics are reversible and symmetric under time reversal. This means that in Newton's world, time is merely a parameter without true 'historicity.' However,statistical physics played a crucial role in the revolution of Newtonian mechanics, revealing the irreversibility of macroscopic processes.
• Entropy Increase and Heat Death: When the second law of thermodynamics was formulated, it already confronted the issue of irreversibility in natural processes. The law describes the directionality of energy transfer: an isolated system always evolves toward uniformity, simplicity, and the elimination of differences, ultimately reaching an irreversible state of 'stillness' where no physical distinctions remain.
• The Evolutionary Nature of Evolution: In stark contrast to physics' 'deterioration theory,'biological development provides another temporal arrow — the arrow of evolution. Complex living organisms continuously evolve from lower to higher forms and from simple to complex structures, demonstrating the miracle of systems spontaneously generating ordered structures.